Grade+8+Map

3.1a3.1Grade 8 Science Curriculum Map

Grade Level: 8

**Topic: Weather and Climate**
Chpt. 1 Chpt. 2 Chpt. 3 Chpt. 4 ||  ||   ||
 * **NYS Standard** || Standard 4- The Physical Setting || **Time Frame/Duration: 3-4 Weeks** ||
 * **Content Key Idea:** || Key Ideas 1,2,3,4 ||
 * **Performance Indicator:** || 1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.4 ||
 * **Vocabulary** || weather, atmosphere, ozone, water vapor, density, pressure, mercury barometer, aneroid barometer, altitude, troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, ionosphere, aurora borealis, electromagnetic waves,radiation, infrared, ultraviolet, greenhouse effect, conduction, convection, wind-chill factor, anemometer, local winds, global winds, Coriolis effect, doldrums, latitude, trade winds, prevailing westerlies, prevailing easterlies, evaporation, humidity, relative humidity, psychrometer, precipitation, tropical, polar, temperate, maritime, warm front, cold front, occluded, cyclone, anticyclone, tornado, hurricane, meteorologist, El Nino, isobar, isotherm, continental climate, marine climate,windward, leeward ||
 * **Major Understandings**
 * IRM** || 1.1d, 1.1f, 2.1a, 2.1b, 2.1J, 2.2i, 2.2j, 2.2k, 2.2m, 2.2n, 2.2p, 2.2q,3.1a, 3.1c, 3.1d, 3.1h, 4.1a, 4.2a, 4.2b, 4.2c, 4.2d, 4.4a, 4.4b || **Suggested Activities** || **Resources** || **Assessments** || **Teacher Notes** ||
 * ||  ||   || Book I

Grade Level: 8

**Topic: Electricity and Magnetism**
Chapter 2 Chapter 3 ||  ||   || Grade Level: 8
 * **NYS Standard** || 4 The Physical Setting || **Time Frame/Duration: 3 weeks** ||
 * **Content Key Idea:** || Key ideas 3,4 ||
 * **Performance Indicator:** || 3.1a,4.4d,4.4e,4.4f,4.4g,5.2b, ||
 * **Vocabulary** || Magnetism, magnetic pole, magnetic field, atom, element, nucleus, protons, electrons, magnetic domain, ferromagnetic material, permanent magnet, compass, magnetic, declination, solar, wind, magnetosphere, Aurora, electric charge, electric current, electric circuit, conductor, insulator, resistor, resistance, superconductor, solenoid, electromagnet, electric field, static electricity, friction, conduction, static, discharge, electroscope, electrical potential, potential difference, voltage, series circuit, parallel circuit, short circuit, grounded, lightning rod, energy, electrical energy, mechanical energy, electric motor,brushes, electromagnetic induction, alternationg current, direct current, turbine, renewable resource, nonrenewable resource. ||
 * **Major Understandings** || **I/R/M** || **Suggested Activities** || **Resources** || **Assessments** || **Teacher Notes** ||
 * || 3.1a,4.4d,4.4e,4.4f,4.4g,5.2b ||  || Book N Chapter 1

**Topic: Forces and Forces in Fluids**
Grade Level: 8
 * **NYS Standard** || 4 The Physical Setting || **Time Frame/Duration: 2-3 Weeks** ||
 * **Content Key Idea:** || Energy exists in many forms, and when these forms change energy is conserved. Energy and matter interact through forces that result in changes in motion. ||
 * **Performance Indicator:** || Describe the sources and identify the transformation of energy observed in everyday like. Describe the different patterns of motion of objects. Observe, describe, and compare effects of forces (gravity, electric current, and magnetism) on the motion of objects. ||
 * **Vocabulary** || Force, inertia, mass, Newton, friction, fluid friction, gravity, free fall, air resistance, weight, momentum, satellite, centripetal force, Pascal, fluid, Pascal’s principle, Archimedes’ Principle, density, buoyancy. Bernoulli’s Principle ||
 * **Major Understandings** || **I/R/M** || **Suggested Activities** || **Resources** || **Assessments** || **Teacher Notes** ||
 * || M ||  || Book M Chapter 2 Section1 ||   ||   ||
 * ||  ||   || Book M Chapter 2 Section 1 ||   ||   ||
 * ||  ||   || Book M Chapter 2 Section 3 ||   ||   ||
 * ||  ||   || Book M Chapter 2 Section 4 ||   ||   ||

**Topic: Motion**
An object’s motion is the result of the combined effect of all forces acting on the object. A moving object that is not (**5.1c)** An object’s motion is the result of the combined effect of all forces acting on the object. A moving object that is not subjected to a force will continue to move at a constant speed in a straight line. An object at rest will remain at rest. **(5.1c)** || R ||  || Book M Chapter 1 Section 3 ||   ||   ||
 * **NYS Standard** || 4 The Physical Setting || **Time Frame/Duration: 2-3 Weeks** ||
 * **Content Key Idea:** || Energy and matter interact through forces that result in changes in motion ||
 * **Performance Indicator:** || Describe the different patterns of motion of objects. ||
 * **Vocabulary** || Motion, speed, velocity, plates, acceleration ||
 * **Major Understandings** || **I/R/M** || **Suggested Activities** || **Resources** || **Assessments** || **Teacher Notes** ||
 * The motion of an object is always judged with respect to some other object or point. The idea of absolute motion or rest is misleading. **(5.1a)** || R ||  || Book M, Chapter 1 Section 1 ||   ||   ||
 * The motion of an object is always judged with respect to some other object or point. The idea of absolute motion or rest is misleading. **(5.1a)** || R ||  || Book M, Chapter 1 Section1 ||   ||   ||
 * The motion of an object can be described by its position, direction of motion, and speed. **(5.1b)**

Grade Level: 8 Topic: Thermal Energy and heat
 * **NYS Standard** || 4 The Physical Setting || **Time Frame/Duration: 2 Weeks** ||
 * **Content Key Idea:** || Energy exists in many forms and when these forms change, energy is conserved. ||
 * **Performance Indicator:** || Observe and describe heating and cooling events. ||
 * **Vocabulary** || Temperature, Fahrenheit scale, Celsius scale, Kelvin scale, absolute zero, heat, conduction convection, convection current, conductor, specific heat, radiation, melting, melting point, freezing, freezing point, vaporization, evaporation, boiling, boiling point, condensation, thermal expansion ||
 * **Major Understandings** || **I/R/M** || **Suggested Activities** || **Resources** || **Assessments** || **Teacher Notes** ||
 * Heat moves in predictable ways, flowing from warmer object to cooler ones, until both reach the same temperature. **(4.2a)** || M ||  || Book M Chapter 6 Section1 ||   ||   ||
 * Heat can be transferred through matter by the collisions of atoms and / or molecules (conduction) or through space (radiation). In a liquid or gas, currents will facilitate the transfer of heat (convection). **(4.2b)** || M ||  || Book M Chapater 6 Section 2 ||   ||   ||
 * During a phase change, heat energy is absorbed or released. Energy is absorbed when a solid changes to a liquid and when a liquid changes to a gas. Energy is release when a gas changes to a liquid and when a liquid changes to a solid. (**4.2c)**

Most substances expand when heated and contract when cooled. Water is an exception, expanding when changing to ice. **(4.2d)** || M ||  || Book M, Chapter 6 Section 3 ||   ||   || Grade Level: 8 Topic: Weather Factors Most local weather condition changes are caused by movement of air masses. **(2.2m)** || M ||  || Book 1 Chapter 2 Section 3 ||   ||   ||
 * **NYS Standard** || 4 The Physical Setting || **Time Frame/Duration: 4 Weeks** ||
 * **Content Key Idea:** || Many of the phenomenon that we observe on earth involve interactions among the components of air, water, and land. ||
 * **Performance Indicator:** ||  ||
 * **Vocabulary** ||  ||
 * **Major Understandings** || **I/R/M** || **Suggested Activities** || **Resources** || **Assessments** || **Teacher Notes** ||
 * || M ||  || Book 1 Chapter 2 Section 1 ||   ||   ||
 * The uneven heating of Earth’s surface is the cause of weather **(2.2k)** || M ||  || Book 1 Chapter 2 Section 1 ||   ||   ||
 * The latitude /longitude coordinate system and our system of time are based on celestial observations **(1.1f)**
 * Water circulates through the atmosphere, lithosphere, and hydrosphere in what is known as the water cycle. **(2.1j)**

High – pressure systems generally bring fair weather. Low- pressure systems usually bring cloudy, unstable condition. The general movement of high and lows are from west to east across the United States. **(2.2p)** || M ||  || Book 1 Chapter 2 Section 4 ||   ||   || Grade Level: 8 Topic: Weather Patterns
 * Erosion is the transport of sediment. Gravity is the driving force behind erosion. Gravity can act directly or through agents such as moving water, wind and glaciers. **(2.2i)** || M ||  || Book 1 Chapter 2 Section 5 ||   ||   ||
 * **NYS Standard** || 4 The Physical Setting || **Time Frame/Duration: 4 Weeks** ||
 * **Content Key Idea:** || Many of the phenomena that we observe on earth involved interactions among components of air, water, and land. ||
 * **Performance Indicator:** || Weather Patterns ||
 * **Vocabulary** || Air mass, tropical, polar, maritime, continental, front, occluded, cyclone, anticyclone ||
 * **Major Understandings** || **I/R/M** || **Suggested Activities** || **Resources** || **Assessments** || **Teacher Notes** ||
 * Air masses form when air remains nearly stationary over a large section of the earth’s surface and takes on the conditions of temperature and humidity from that location. Weather conditions at a location are determined primarily by temperature, humidity, and pressure of air masses over that location (**2.2l)**

Most local weather conditions changes are caused by movement of air masses. **(2.2m)**

The movement of air masses are determined by prevailing winds and upper air currents**.(2.2n)** || M ||  || Book 1 Chapter 3 Section1 ||   ||   ||

Grade Level: 8 Topic: Work and Machines, Energy and Power
 * **NYS Standard** || 4 The Physical Setting or Living Environment || **Time Frame/Duration: 5-6 Weeks** ||
 * **Content Key Idea:** || Energy exists in many forms, and when these forms change energy is conserved. Energy and matter interact through forces that result in changes in motion. ||
 * **Performance Indicator:** || Describe the sources and identify the transformations of energy observed in everyday life. Observe and describe energy changes as related to chemical reaction. Describe situations that support the principle of conservation of energy. Observe, describe, and compare effects of forces (gravity, electric current, and magnetism) on the motion of objects. ||
 * **Vocabulary** || Work, joule, machine, input force, output force, efficiency, inclined plane, wedge, screw, lever, fulcrum, wheel and axle, pulley, compound machine gear, Kinetic Energy, Potential Energy, mechanical energy, thermal energy, chemical energy, electrical energy, electromagnetic energy, nuclear energy, energy conservation, Law of Conservation of Energy, Fossil Fuels, Power ||
 * **Major Understandings** || **I/R/M** || **Suggested Activities** || **Resources** || **Assessments** || **Teacher Notes** ||
 * Machines transfer mechanical energy from one object to another. **(5.2c)** || M ||  || Book M Chapter 4 Section 1 ||   ||   ||
 * Machines transfer mechanical energy from one object to another. **(5.2c)**

A machine can be made more efficient by reducing friction. Some common ways of reducing friction include lubricating or waxing surfaces **(5.2e)** || M ||  || Book M Chapter 4 Section 2 ||   ||   ||
 * Machines can change the direction or amount of force, or the distance or speed of force required to do work. **(5.2f)**

Simple machines include a lever, a pulley, a wheel and axle, and an inclined plane. A complex machine uses a combination of interacting simple machines, e.g., a bicycle. (**5.2g)** || M ||  || Book M Chapter Section 3 ||   ||   || Energy can be considered to be either kinetic energy, which is the energy of motion, or potential energy, which depends on relative position. **(4.1e)** || R ||  || Book M Chapter 5 Section 1 ||   ||   ||
 * Different forms of energy include heat, light, electrical, mechanical, sound, nuclear, and chemical. Energy is transformed in many ways. **(4.1d)**
 * In chemical reactions, energy is transferred into or out of a system. Light, electricity, or mechanical motion may be involved in such transfers in addition to heat. **(4.3a)**

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but only changed from one form into another. **(4.5a)**

Energy can change from one form to another, although in the process some energy is always converted to heat. Some systems transform energy with less loss of heat than others. **(4.5b)** || M ||  || Book M Chapter 5 Section 2 ||   ||   || Fossil fuels contain stored solar energy and are considered nonrenewable resources. They are a major source of energy in the United States. Solar energy, wind, moving water, and biomass are some examples of renewal energy resources**. (4.1b)** Different forms of energy include heat, light, electrical, mechanical, sound, nuclear, and chemical. Energy is transformed in many ways. **(4.1d)** || M ||  || Book M Chapter 5 Section 3
 * The sun is a major source of energy for Earth. Other sources of energy include nuclear and geothermal energy. **(4.1a)**

Book M Chapter 5 Section 4 ||  ||   ||


 * Lake Shore Central School District Science Curriculum Maps K-8**